Characteristics of a Snake

A snake has been on the earth for over 130 millionwhere it uses only two ground contact points.
years. Without limbs, it can climb, swim andCaterpillar where the curves are up and down and
sometimes fly. Some have a deadly bite that can killabove the ground. Concertina used for climbing,
a human. In religion, it was the animal that temptedwhere the ventral scales grip the surface and it
Adam and Eve.springs forward to regrip the surface.
Of the 2700 known species, each share threeIt has an expandable jaw and can swallow prey
common traits. It has a thin, linear limbless body, eatslarger than itself whole. It drenches its prey with
meat and is cold blooded. Its organs are linear in itssaliva and crushes it with its muscles. Some snakes
body with the brain and sensory organs in the head.inject its prey with venom using its fangs to subdue
It has an inner ear which detects sound from soundit.
waves hitting its skin. It cannot detect colors but canThe venomous types which account for 20% of all
see images. Some have pit organs that can detectsnakes have 2 hollowed front teeth called fangs to
heat sources used for night hunting warm bloodiedallowed the poison to pass through. The venom
animals. It does not have a sense of taste but cancontains one of three toxins. Neurotoxin which seizes
smell odors. When it flicks its tongue, it gathers in airthe nerves centers and stops breathing. Cardiotoxin
particles to assist in sensing odors.which attack the heart causing it to stop. Hemotoxin
It reaches lengths from 4 inches to 30 feet withwhich causes blood vessels to rupture. Other snakes
hundreds of vertebrae making it very flexible. Its skinsqueeze its prey by applying pressure of up to 12
is elastic covered with scales. It will shed its skinpounds per square inch causing the lungs and heart to
many times during its lifetime. It reaches maturitystop working.
from 1 to 9 years and can live from 4 years to overIt has been found in mythology and popular culture. It
25 years.has been featured in books and movies. "Snakes on
It moves using ventral scales on its underside whicha Plane" and "Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the
grip the ground and move it forward. It has fourLost Ark" have depicted it as an animal to fear. It
basic movements. Serpentine used by most snakesalso has been used as symbol of evil societies. In
on land and water where it contracts its muscles intogardening and agriculture, it plays an important role in
side by side curves and using its scales to propelcontrolling insects.
forward. Sidewinding, a variation of the serpentine